The enforcement provisions in the Competition Act relate to prohibition of anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominant position, and also prevention of anti-competitive combinations.

Agreements which cause or are likely to cause appreciable adverse effect on competition in markets in India are anti-competitive and are void. While some anti-competitive agreements are presumed to cause appreciable adverse effect on competition, others are to be proved so by rule of reason. The provisions relating to anti- competitive agreements are contained in section 3 of the Act.

The provisions relating to abuse of dominant position require determination of dominance in the relevant market. The relevant market consists of the relevant product market and the relevant geographic market. The factors for determination of the relevant market as well as dominance are provided in the Act itself. Once dominance has been established, the conduct of an enterprise, which falls within any one of the five abuses, is prohibited. The provisions relating to abuse of dominant position are contained in section 4.

Combination includes merger, amalgamation and acquisition above the thresholds stated in the Act in terms of assets or turnover. Regulation of combinations is usually done ex ante, although the Commission has the power to investigate a combination even after it has taken effect. Combinations which cause or are likely to cause appreciable adverse effect on competition have to be prevented. The provisions relating to regulation of combinations are given in sections 5 and 6 of the Act.